Hierarchy of Needs in the Workplace Essay Example

Hierarchy of Needs in the Workplace Essay Example Hierarchy of Needs in the Workplace Paper Hierarchy of Needs in the Workplace Paper Brief Biography: Abraham Maslow Abraham H. Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. As the eldest of seven children he was pushed hard for academic success. As a child he was smart yet shy and unhappy; as result he took refuge in reading books. Forty years later, after extensive education and research, Maslow developed the theory of human motivation known as â€Å"Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. † As a psychologist, he noted that some human needs were more powerful than others. Therefore he divided those needs into five general categories ranging from most urgent to most advance. Maslow first published his theory in the 1940s, which later became a widely accepted concept in the fields of psychology and anthropology. During his late years (1951 to 1969) he was a professor at Brandeis University until he died of a heart attack in 1970. Abraham Maslow saw a human beings needs arranged like a ladder, with the most basic needs at the bottom. First there are physical needs such as air, water, food, and sex. Next are safety needs (security and stability), followed by psychological or social needs (sense of belonging, love, and acceptance). At the top are the self-actualizing needs, such as self-fulfillment. Maslow felt that unfulfilled needs lower on the ladder would keep a person from climbing to the next step. He also felt that individuals who dealt in managing the higher needs were â€Å"self-actualized†. He generalized that self-actualizing people tend to focus on problems outside of themselves, have a clear sense of what is genuine, are spontaneous as well as creative, and do not feel the need to strictly attend social gatherings. â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† in the Workplace To my beliefs, Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on the practices which compose the field of organizational management, many of which I have been able to experience during my employment as an Avionics supervisor for the United States Marine Corps and as a Site Supervisor for Rio Salado College. During this essay, it will be my intent to give the reader an insight as to the different levels of the â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† and how I feel they can be applied to the workplace. First begin with the lowest level on the hierarchy, human physiological concerns. In order to survive, one must feed themselves, drink water, breath, use the bathroom, and procreate. If one did not do these things, then one could not survive. It is the employer’s responsibility to ensure that an employee’s basic concerns and comforts are met in order for them to be productive. For example, if an employee is freezing cold in the work place, then he/she will not work as quickly and efficiently as if he/she were in a comfortable environment. On the second level there is safety and the need for human beings to feel protected. This could translate into the workplace as a need for job and financial security. Once again, it is an employer’s duty to establish this security for the employees. As a consequence for not fulfilling this need, an employee may not work to their fullest potential, especially if they feel that they could most likely be laid off or fired. In a worst case scenario, an employee may decide to give up or even do something to negatively impact the company as an act of revenge. The third level consists of a persons desire to belong and feel loved. An employer can help create this environment by establishing camaraderie among employees. There are possible ways for an employer to provide bonding opportunities by scheduling social events or by pairing compatible individuals to work together. Notorious for implementing these types of bonding strategies, are police units, military, as well as any organization where unit cohesion is of the utmost importance. This is primarily because camaraderie, unit morale, and willingness to work together are essential for these organizations to effectively carry out their purpose. The fourth level illustrates how human beings strive for success, feel strong emotions, and need self-assurance when in a group environment. Take for example how in the work place, ideally when an employee works to gain respect, the better their boost in self-confidence will be. With this principle, an employer should have the drive to create activities outside of work to motivate employees and raise self-esteem, thus raising worker self-reliance and most importantly workplace productivity. The final and most important level on Maslow’s hierarchy is â€Å"self actualization†, which refers to an accomplished individual’s ability to be creative, solve problems, and deal with feelings of morality. As related to the workplace, this characteristic unquestionably applies to those in supervisory positions. Without â€Å"self-actualization† a manager would not have the confidence to lead, resolve concerns, and deal with the ethical issues that commonly arise in the workplace, eventually resulting in the deterioration of unit structure. In the end, an efficient leader is the key o creating a healthy work environment and enhancing organizational effectiveness. References Abraham Maslow Biography. Value Based Management. 23 Aug. 2008 valuebasedmanagement. net/leaders_maslow_hierarchy. html. Huitt, William. Maslows hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. 23 Aug. 2008 ;http://chiron. valdosta. edu/whuitt/col/regsys/maslow. html;. Kermal ly, Sultan. Gurus on Managing People. London: Thorogood Books, 2005. Sirgy, Joseph M. , and Coskun A. Samli. New Dimensions in Marketing/Quality-of-Life Research. Westport: Quorum Books, 1995.

Tourism In Africa Tourism Essay Essays

Tourism In Africa Tourism Essay Essays Tourism In Africa Tourism Essay Essay Tourism In Africa Tourism Essay Essay Many people have different positions as to whether touristry has more benefits than defects specifically in the African continent. Tourism can be seen as a concern and like any concern states will endeavor to do the client happy. When thought of touristry activity many people tend to believe that the primary factor is the the tourer But when seeking to bring forth income through touristry activity states tend to bury that there are other factors involved that either terminal up being neglected or exploited such as natural resources and even local occupants. This study will briefly discuss touristry activity in Africa and argue whether the advantages of touristry outweigh the disadvantages. Tourism has become a lifting economic activity across the universe. It contributes to the economic system of many states and has countless advantages. Tourism has besides become an emerging activity in many parts of Africa and the continent is having international acknowledgment because of its many popular tourer finishs. Tourism has brought about great alteration in many African states that has resulted in economic growing. Although touristry has its defects, it can really hold a positive consequence on many peoples lives. Rogerson ( 2007, p.362 ) states that Tourism s potency for lending to economic and societal upliftment in Africa is highlighted by the New Partnership for Africa s Development ( NEPAD ) . The NEPAD Action Plan ( NEPAD, 2004:3 ) as cited by Rogerson ( 2007, p.362 ) states that Tourism is recognized as one of the sectors with the most possible to lend to the economic regeneration of the continent, peculiarly through the variegation of African economic systems, a nd coevals of foreign exchange net incomes Tourism growing in Africa is looking comfortable. Rogerson ( 2007 ) states that In 2005, international touristry reachings exceeded 800 million for the first clip, harmonizing to the United Nations World Tourism Organization ( UNWTO ) . The United Nations Environment Programme ( 2008 ) states that land-based touristry is a major economic activity in Africa as it draws 1000000s of visitants to different sites across the part every twelvemonth and bring forthing 1000000s of dollars in foreign exchange net incomes. African touristry as stated by Rogerson ( 2007, p.365 ) is dominated by the big four states which are Egypt, South Africa Tunisia and Morocco. The 2010 World Cup helped set South Africa on the map as a cardinal tourer finish and we saw many people utilizing their creativeness to get down new and alone concern ventures that helped make occupations and turn the economic system of the state. Tourism in the state grew to new highs and this has helped South Africa in a figure o f ways sing touristry activity. As touristry continues to turn this will shoot income into states, create occupations, lessening unemployment degrees and aid to develop 3rd universe states. Rogerson ( 2007, p.361 ) states that touristry activity in states such as Egypt is being compared to those of affluent states such as Europe and America. Tourism gives people who were antecedently unemployed an chance to bring forth income through different types of touristry activity. Many little concern ventures can be started in local communities where tourers can buy autochthonal keepsakes. This can make occupations and aid to bring forth income for local occupants and diminish the poorness degrees of African states. The World Bank ( 2006a, 2 ) as cited by Rogerson ( 2007 ) states To accomplish the aims of shared growing through touristry, an of import undertaking is the publicity of little to medium sized touristry endeavors, which represent 90 per cent of all touristry endeavors in Africa . Government functionaries who are responsible for touristry activity in their several African states can concentrate on guaranting that local concerns that have a sense of African genius are promoted in booklets that tourers get when looking for topographic points to see. Besides making positive chances and advancing growing in the African continent, touristry besides benefits the visitants. Visitors from abroad can larn the imposts and traditions of different African civilizations and can look up to the great diverseness of our land. Strong relationships between different civilizations can be built. It is hence important for local authoritiess to guarantee that they pay great attending to encompassing their cultural background alternatively of seeking to modernize it. As touristry activity in Africa continues to turn, international visitants can hold a more pleasant experience and this will give them all the ground to desire to come back. Although touristry has legion benefits it besides has its defects. Tourism can work natural resources and occupy the privateness of local occupants. While seeking to increase the figure of international tourers, local communities may abandon their imposts and traditions in order to aline their background with the outlooks of tourers. This will take to states losing their genuineness and will trail tourers off. The United Nations Environment Programme ( 2008 ) states that touristry s consequence on autochthonal peoples in Africa has been profound: with the eviction of communities from their lands, economic disruption, dislocation of traditional values, and environmental debasement. Ecotourism Parker and Khare ( 2005 ) province that Ecotourism promotes a sustainable method to gain gross through preservation and protection of resources by the communities that own them Through the preservation of natural resources communities can guarantee that they do non harm their environment and can besides pull tourers through this enterprise. Although ecotourism can be seen as a manner to advance touristry in a sustainable mode there are still a batch of conflicting thoughts sing this solution. Parker and Khare ( 2005 ) in their work province that Ecotourism is non a silver slug to relieve community adversities, and making a balanced endeavor that addresses widely changing stakeholder demands is non for the swoon hearted. Local populations environing a proposed site, community leaders, nearby small towns, politicians at the local, regional and even national degree are combined with ecotourists and investors, and all can hold viing thoughts of what the undertaking should accomplish . Ecotourism should non be implemented in states with merely the thought of seeking to increase tourer reachings as this could do great danger to the environment. Policies refering ecotourism should be created before it is implanted in any state. Tourism besides faces many challenges in Africa as many states are still far behind when it comes to tourism growing. Andebrhan ( 2009 ) states that the major challenges in touristry development in Africa are specifying the comparative functions of the private, local and foreign touristry spouses in development determinations on the continent, developing human resources and covering with jobs confronting local touristry industries in Africa that are characterized by a big figure of little and moderate-sized touristry endeavors. These jobs can be overcome if the community were to pass on with local authoritiess sing touristry in their land. Governments should negociate with the community members to guarantee that everyone benefits from this activity. Alternatively of concentrating on seeking to better the land by adding new substructure that will increase costs, the local authorities has to concentrate on heightening the autochthonal edifices that they already get. They should besides concentrate on local attractive forces as this is what tourists want to see. In footings of wars and political issues other states should acquire involved and negotiate with the conflicting states to come to a solution. When looking at all the information sing touristry one can clearly see how it has continued to turn in the African continent and how it has helped the economic system to spread out. Tourism is no longer regarded as merely a leisure activity but has become a major subscriber to economic growing. Furthermore it encourages local occupants to take pride in their traditions and physiques strong relationships between the locals and international visitants. Although there are a few downsides to tourism as like any economic activity, these deficits can be reduced through the creative activity of effectual policies and Torahs. If local authoritiess were to work together to make sustainable policies sing touristry growing and how to increase it so this activity would decidedly boom in old ages to come. In reasoning it can be said that in the African continent the advantages of touristry outweigh the negatives but more work has to set into touristry activity to guarantee that it remains so.

Communication & Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication & Psychology - Essay Example In the project regarding issues of rising number of unwanted dogs, the advertising authority seeks to relay essential message to individuals engaging in unlicensed breeding of dogs. Awareness must be created upon the general public regarding the increasing numbers of unwanted dogs within the society. While the advertising authority undertakes a social duty for caring for these animals, the general public might be unconcerned about the welfare of these dogs. The message being conveyed seeks to gain the sympathy of the population upon the dogs (BBC 2013). This remains aimed at ensuring unlicensed breeders stop breeding, and the general public provides support to the organisation in rendering sufficient care to abandoned dogs. Support from the general public could come in form of donations or adoption of some dogs by caring individuals. The radio advertisement was chosen because of its wide coverage, which could be essential in reaching large numbers of target individuals. According to reliable sources, approximately 90% of the entire United Kingdom’s population tuned to different radio stations within the country. This signifies a large number of target individuals could be potentially reached through running radio advertisements. The communication method therefore, becomes easy and quick in execution as the target individuals become easily accessible through this medium. Statistics further indicate the numbers of individuals listening to radio will continue to increase in coming years. This medium of communication also appeals to different demographics of individuals, and the advertisement targets the general public. Through the utilisation of electronic media, the message becomes easily conveyed to the general public easily and quickly. While other forms of communication might have significant advantages over radio, the consideration of

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Marketing - Essay Example IMC is considered as a magical bullet that enhances greater efficiencies of a business because it is an effective technique of communicating business goals, vision and mission, brand messages and any important messages to its people, especially customers. This research paper addresses marketing theories and underlying principles regarding Integrated Marketing Communication and examines how these have been practiced by Fly Emirates Airlines. In detailing the IMC practices of Emirates Airlines, this piece of research attempts to find various advertising and promotional activities that Emirates Company adopted to examine how they are integrated. Integrated marketing Communication Integrated Marketing Communication is a marketing communication strategy that a company aligns its communication objectives with business goals in order to accelerate its returns (Schultz and Schultz 2004, p. 3). IMC is a strategic and management tool that can help a company achieve greater competitive advantag es and ensure long-term profitability. It is used to plan, design and establish well-organized and coordinated brand communication program with customers, shareholders, employees and other stakeholders to ensure effectiveness and consistency in messages to be delivered (Belch and Belch 2007, p. 11). As Pride and Ferrell (2007, p. 493) explained, Integrated marketing Communication is an effective coordination of promotion and other marketing efforts to ensure maximum informational and persuasive impact on customers. A marketer thus requires to develop and employ broad perspectives in coordinating this marketing efforts and mainly to ensure sending consistent messages to customers. Lamb, Hair and McDaniel 2008, p. 413) defined IMC as an effective coordination of all promotional messages, including traditional advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, event marketing and public relation for a particular company’s product or services, so as to ensure consistency in every me ssages that company delivers or meets its customers with. This definition highlights a number of significant features, they are, effective coordination among more than one communication tools, ensuring consistency in messages etc. Maintaining consistency in communicating brand messages is critical element to create and build brand loyalty. The IMC of Emirates Airlines Emirates Airlines is one of the world’s fastest growing Airline companies and recently ranked to be world’s second most profitable carrier, just behind Singapore Airlines. Even when international airline industry has been experiencing an accumulated losses of more than $6 billion, Emirates Airline was able to increase its returns by 48 % to $ 637 million. Emirates Airline is part of the state-owned Emirate Group which is a large and diversified travel umbrella group wholly owned by the Dubai State (Graham, Papatheodorou and Forsyth 2010, p. 157). Behind the success of Emirates Airlines was its advertising campaigns that not only gave it informative and persuasive advantages but also helped the company gain access to a large number of markets. Emirates Airline has attracted tourists, businessmen and investors to United Arab Emirates which in turn accelerated the economic development of the country as well. Emirates Airline has long been depending on various types of advertising modes and implementing different promotional techniques.

Overpopulation on Earth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Overpopulation on Earth - Essay Example He leaves a conclusion using this argument: "a planet with relatively few people, each of whom can live with dignity and a high quality of life, is far superior to a world where too many people, awash in pollution, stretch resources to the breaking point, and where billions struggle to survive at mere subsistence levels". Benjamin Zuckerman creates a topic that is really interesting and timely. His purpose of delivering his theme and thesis make the readers understand very well the situation as well as the main idea of the essay. But unfortunately, Benjamin Zuckerman fails to write his essay in a rhetorical manner. Although he uses some of the metaphorical questions and symbolism as he mentioned angels and pin which represent people and the Earth, still, the theme will be loved only by the topic-lover audience, it will not pass to the standard of good writers and keen readers. The style of the essay reflects the writer being a proletarian even though his viewpoint has a great sense. The topic is effective but he placed it inappropriately.

Teenager Substance Abuse Essay Example for Free

Teenager Substance Abuse Essay For youth leaders, this is a study of a teenager who has a substance abuse problem and was released from a detention center. It involves a seventeen old male who abuses marijuana, alcohol, and ecstasy; and is also the son of two ministers. This story should help readers understand the dynamics involved with a teenage drug user and will also help youth leaders develop effective skills for reaching out to a troubled teen in need of support, especially after incarceration. A seventeen-year-old male, Jimmy, lived in a middle-class suburb. Jimmy was referred to me by his sister, ecause she felt my knowledge and past experiences might be helpful in reaching him. Later on I decided to meet and conduct an interview at his house, with his sister present in an adjacent room. During the conversation, several facts emerged. Jimmy had been in trouble with the legal system, mostly for drug possession and motor vehicle infractions. He said he had been kicked out of high school because of his drug use. He had been using alcohol and marijuana since he was about 13. He had more recently been taking ecstasy. When asked why he used drugs, he claimed it educed his boredom and provided a way to escape and have fun. Additionally, it was discerned that his father worked long hours (in the mental health field), and was basically absent from the family. Later, I learned that his father denied his sons habits. The family, which also includes a younger 16-year-old brother, had gone to see a therapist but Jimmy was an unwilling participant. Jimmy noted that he does have a problem with authority figures, like the police, because he believes they are corrupt. Jimmy did admit that police have a Job to do, in terms of protecting people rom harmful practices. Jimmy also realized that there are consequences of drug use and that he was headed for a state prison sentence if he did not improve his actions. He learned that his mother could be arrested under law if he had drugs in her house; this bothered Jimmy. I researched about what state prison was like and told him all about it. Throughout the intervention, then I listened and affirmed the young man without condoning his bad behavior. In the end, I gained his trust and told him that his personal feelings would be kept confidential. I recommended that Jimmy be areful when he with his peers, and I encouraged him to select a friend who would help hold him accountable. I shared my phone number with him. Jimmys behavior improved. The relationship between teens and drugs has been around for decades; however, this is not what you would call positive. Substance abusing (which is using drugs or alcohol in ways than can cause physical harm) is often associated with crime. But why do youths take drugs? Youth take drugs for the following reasons: social disorganization, peer pressure, family factors, emotional, or rational choice. Social isorganization deals with drug abuse to poverty and disorganized urban environment. Drug use by youth minority group members has been tied to factors such as racial prejudice, low-esteem, social status, and stress produced from environment. The National Youth Survey found that drug use tends to be higher among urban youths. problem was bad and the police officer and teachers that worked at my high school had no idea whatsoever what was going on right under their noses seriously, I remember people at football games found this place behind a shed where no one went and they used to smoke and do drugs, it was bad. But of course no one could say anything about anything they saw otherwise that person will get death threats and get their tires slashed in the parking lot and have to go to homecoming fearing for their life. Like one time I remember this girl said something and everyone in the school hated her and she was instantly unpopular. So yes there is a huge drug problem and getting students to rat each other out is so not going to happen. In a perfect world maybe, but in the real world, not a chance. Jimmy is a classic case of a lonely teenager who is never with his parents and is basically always hanging out ith his friends which are a very bad influence. The pattern that I recognize from Jimmy is that he has been wanting to get his parents attention and the only way he gets it, is by consuming excessive alcohol or illegal drugs. Teens feel alone at home and family. They look for something attractive that pleases them. They dont get enough attention from parents. They were not used to get enough attention when they were kids. But when they were kids there were a lot of childish things that could make them busy and temporarily happy. But when they reach 14, those things can ot attract them anymore. They still suffer from lacking of attention and the things that could be a relief for them, have lost their attraction. So they look for new things. Definitely these new things cannot be found in family. They are already disappointed about family. Parents should be trained and educated about these things. They should know that all of these problems come because of lack of attention from one or both parents. One hour attention to children and teens saves hundreds of hours of therapy in future. It prevents a lot of problems that addiction is only one of them. By interviewing Jimmy I found that teenagers see taking / using drugs are Just a way of teenage-hood, most youth will try some sort of drug, maybe Just to try it out or maybe for a reason. This teen said he has taken drugs because it was something to do, and everyone else around him was doing it and it was seen cool to take drugs and that it was a way to escape from the real world. Interviewing Jimmy was very interesting because I could sort of relate what he is going through from when I was in high school. Luckily Jimmy is acting on time before he goes to the wrong path and becomes a failure in life.

The insurance sector in india

The insurance sector in india INTRODUCTION INSURANCE SECTOR IN INDIA The Insurance sector in India governed by Insurance Act, 1938, the Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 and General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act, 1999 and other related Acts. With such a large population and the untapped market area of this population Insurance happens to be a very big opportunity in India. Today it stands as a business growing at the rate of 15-20 per cent annually. Together with banking services, it adds about 7 per cent to the countrys GDP .In spite of all this growth the statistics of the penetration of the insurance in the country is very poor. Nearly 80% of Indian populations are without Life insurance cover and the Health insurance. This is an indicator that growth potential for the insurance sector is immense in India. It was due to this immense growth that the regulations were introduced in the insurance sector and in continuation Malhotra Committee was constituted by the government in 1993 to examine the various aspects of the industry. The key element of the reform process was Participation of overseas insurance companies with 26% capital. Creating a more efficient and competitive financial system suitable for the requirements of the economy was the main idea behind this reform. Since then the insurance industry has gone through many sea changes .The competition LIC started facing from these companies were threatening to the existence of LIC .since the liberalization of the industry the insurance industry has never looked back and today stand as the one of the most competitive and exploring industry in India. The entry of the private players and the increased use of the new distribution are in the limelight today. The use of new distribution techniques and the IT tools has increased the scope of the industry in the longer run. PRESENT SCENARIO OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY India with about 200 million middle class household shows a huge untapped potential for players in the insurance industry. Saturation of markets in many developed economies has made the Indian market even more attractive for global insurance majors. The insurance sector in India has come to a position of very high potential and competitiveness in the market. Indians, have always seen life insurance as a tax saving device, are now suddenly turning to the private sector that are providing them new products and variety for their choice. Consumers remain the most important centre of the insurance sector. After the entry of the foreign players the industry is seeing a lot of competition and thus improvement of the customer service in the industry. Computerization of operations and updating of technology has become imperative in the current scenario. Foreign players are bringing in international best practices in service through use of latest technologies The insurance agents still remain the main source through which insurance products are sold. The concept is very well established in the country like India but still the increasing use of other sources is imperative. At present the distribution channels that are available in the market are listed below. Direct selling  · Corporate agents  · Group selling  · Brokers and cooperative societies  · Banc assurance  · Customers have tremendous choice from a large variety of products from pure term (risk) insurance to unit-linked investment products. Customers are offered unbundled products with a variety of benefits as riders from which they can choose. More customers are buying products and services based on their true needs and not just traditional money back policies, which is not considered very appropriate for long-term protection and savings. There is lots of saving and investment plans in the market. However, there are still some key new products yet to be introduced e.g. health products. The rural consumer is now exhibiting an increasing propensity for insurance products. A research conducted exhibited that the rural consumers are willing to dole out anything between Rs 3,500 and Rs 2,900 as premium each year. In the insurance, the awareness level for life insurance is the highest in rural India, but the consumers are also aware about motor, accidents and cattle insurance. PLAYERS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN INDIAN MARKET LIFE INSURANCE COORPORATION OF INDIA ICICI PRUDENTIAL BIRLA SUN LIFE BAJAJ ALLIANZ SBI LIFE INSURANCE HDFC STANDARD TATA AIG MAX NEW YORK AVIVA OM KOTAK MAHINDRA ING VYSYA MET LIFE MEANING OF QUALITY SERVICE: (Quality of Service) Consistent performance. Certain network services need to be delivered at a certain minimum performance level to be useable for example, a video or audio clip will stutter and break up if the bandwidth is inadequate. QoS refers to a network systems ability to sustain a given service at or above its required minimum performance level. Short for Quality of Service, a networking term that specifies a guaranteed throughput level. One of the biggest advantages of ATM over competing technologies such as Frame Relay and Fast Ethernet, is that it supports QoS levels. This allows ATM providers to guarantee to their customers that end-to-end latency will not exceed a specified level. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Studies on life insurance consumption dates back to Heubner (1942) who postulated that human life value has certain qualitative aspects that gives rise to its economic value. But his idea was normative in nature as it suggested how much life insurance to be purchased and not what will be purchased. There were no guidelines regarding the kind of life policies to be selected depending upon the consumers capacity and the amount of risk to be carried in the product.The ongoing discussion also reveals that individuals current income and future anticipated consumption expenditure plays a crucial role in determining the amount of insurance purchased (we are, for a while ignoring the form in which insurance is purchased). The importance of rate of interest or the impatience factor is also worth considering. Preferences over different consumption pattern vary from person to person and there are qualitative factors which affects such preferences. Using the expected utility framework in a continuous time model, Yaari (1965) studied the problem of uncertain lifetime and life insurance. Including the risk of dying in life cycle model, he showed conceptually that an individual increases expected lifetime utility by purchasing fair annuities. Simple models of insurance demand were proposed by Pratt (1964), Mossin (1969), Smith (1968) and others; considering a risk adverse decision maker with an initial wealth. The results indicate that demand for life insurance varies inversely with the wealth of the individuals. Hakansson (1969) used a discrete-time model of demand for financial assets and life insurance purchase in particular to examine bequest motive in considerable detail. Headen and Lee (1974) studied the effects of short run financial market behavior and consumer expectations on purchase of ordinary life insurance and developed structural determinants of life insurance demand. They considered three different sets of variables: first, variables stimulating demand as a result of insurer efforts (e.g. industry advertising expenditure, size of the sales force, new products and policies, etc.); second, variables affecting household saving decision (e.g. disposable, permanent and transitory income, expenditure expectation, number of births, marriages, etc.) and lastly, variables determining ability to pay and size of potential markets (e.g. net savings by households, financial assets, and consumer expectation regarding future economic condition). They concluded that life insurance demand is inelastic and positively affected by change in consumer sentiments; interest rates playing a role in the short run as well as in the long run. Pissarides (1980) further extending Yaaris work proved that life insurance was theoretically capable of absorbing all fluctuations in lifetime income. Lewis (1989) found out that the number of dependents as an influence on the demand for life insurance. To sum up, the theoretical review yields macroeconomic variables like income, rate of interest, and accumulated savings in wealth form; along with a set of demographic or social variables having potential impact on an individuals decision to opt for or not to demand insurance. Life insurance consumption increases with the breadwinners probability of death, the present level of familys consumption and the degree of risk aversion. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH To find that which factors people keep in their mind sat the time of getting any insurance policy. TO know the service quality of insurance companies in Jalandhar city To know the perception of customers regarding insurance service in Jalandhar city. RESEARCH METHODOLGY Research is the systematic and objective identification, collection, analysis, dissemination and use of information for the purpose of improving decision making related to the identification and solution of problems and opportunities in making. RESEARCH DESIGN- DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH FOR my study I have choose descriptive research design because in my study I have to know the effect of motivational forces. In this I have describe the effect of motivational forces. DATA SMPLING Data extent- Jalandhar (Punjab) Sample size-60 Sampling technique-Stratified sampling DATA COLLECTION PRIMARY DATA- Questionnaire SECONDARY DATA- Journals, magazine, newspaper. For my project, I have decided on primary data collection method by filling up the questionnaire from customers residing in jalandhar city I also followed secondary data collection method using various websites, journals and magazines for collecting information under my term paper project. LIMITATIONS Research was limited to Jalandhar city only. Some of the respondents were not ready to give proper response feeling risky to feel the questionnaire. Some of them were feeling unsecured by filling up the questionnaire. Most of the people were not aware of the importance of life insurance service in their life. They are not aware how useful life insurance can be for their family members if something happens to them. They are of the view that Insurance policies do not give good results They are not aware of modern unit linked insurance plans .they are still under the perception that if they take insurance they will get only 5-6%returns which in not true now days. People are still today not aware of the earning opportunity that an insurance service provides. FINDINGS LIC is the best service provider as compared to other insurance companies. Maximum of the respondents are not aware of benefits provided by insurance policies. Most of the people give more importance to life insurance policies as compared to other insurance policies. People think public insurance companies provide more security than private ones now days. Most of the people are also of the view that services provide by public insurance companies are better than private companies that is why most of them get insured their self and their family in public insurance company now days.